Last Updated on August 21, 2021 by admin
Clark m.fl. har satt in klimatförändringar de senaste 250 åren i ett längre perspektiv och finner att uppvärmningen går 50 gånger snabbare än vad är normalt mellan istid och varmare perioder. De argumenterar för att klimatpolitiken nu kommer ha konsekvenser under åtminstone 10 000 år framåt. Läs hela artikeln i Nature Climate Change.
Last Updated on November 3, 2021 by admin
Oliver and co-authors describe why biodiversity is crucial for the functioning of ecosystems in a changing climate. Read the whole article in Trends in Ecology and Evolution.
Last Updated on August 21, 2021 by admin
Oliver m.fl. (2015) analyserar hur ekosystem kan fortsätta leverera olika ekosystemtjänster även under ett förändrat klimat. De finner att biologisk mångfald är en omistlig tillgång om vi ska säkerställa fungerande ekosystem på sikt. De poängterar även att projicerade förändringar i ekosystemen ska tas i beaktan för ekosystemens funktionalitet. Läs hela artikeln i Trends in Ecology and Evolution.
Last Updated on November 3, 2021 by admin
Mackey and co-workers examine the popular concept that we can offset fossil fuel usage by storing carbon on land. They note that the carbon sequestration potential on land is limited and that the amount of available fossil fuels is much larger. This implies that not more than a small fraction of greenhouse gases from future fossil fuel use can be compensated for by storage on land. Read the whole article in Nature Climate Change.
Last Updated on November 3, 2021 by admin
Averill and co-workers compare two groups of mycorrhiza-forming fungi that are involved in decomposition of organic material. It was known already that access to nitrogen was the limiting factor for the growth of these organisms. One of the groups produces enzymes that can extract nitrogen from organic material, and it can therefore be predicted that this group is more efficient in sequestering carbon. This was confirmed by large scale measurements. Read the whole article in Nature. An editorial in the same issue of Nature further explains why the things we can’t see are as least as important as the things we can when it comes to carbon sequestration.
Last Updated on August 21, 2021 by admin
Averill m. fl. (2014) jämför två olika grupper av mykorrhizasvamp som är involverade i nedbrytning av organiskt material. Jordar i ekosystem som domineras av växter som samarbetar med ekto- och ericoid mykorrhiza (EEM-svampar) är vanliga i tempererade och boreala ekosystem, men finns också i tropikerna. Dessa jordar innehåller 70% mer kol per kväve-enhet än jordar i ekosystem som domineras av arbuskulär mykorrhiza (AM-svampar), som mestadels återfinns i tropikerna. EEM-svamparna producerar enzymer som ger dem större tillgång till organiska kvävekällor. Detta minskar nedbrytningshastigheten och således lagras mer kol i jorden. AM-svamparna saknar många av dessa enzymer och därför går nedbrytningen av kol i jorden snabbare. Läs hela artikeln i Nature. En editorial i samma nummer av tidskriften bidrar med lite extra krydda i och med upptäckten att det osynliga är minst lika viktigt som det synliga när det gäller kolinlagring.
Last Updated on August 21, 2021 by admin
Mackey m.fl. räknar på den populära tankegången att vi kan kompensera för användning av fossila bränslen genom att lagra kol på land. De kommer fram till att lagringspotentialen är begränsad och mycket mindre än det kända förrådet av fossila bränslen skulle kunna släppas ut. Således går det inte att kompensera mer än en bråkdel av utsläppen genom lagring på land. Läs hela artikeln i Nature Climate Change.
Last Updated on November 3, 2021 by admin
Öckinger and Nilsson (2012) have investigated the presence of lichen in 66 fragments of old-growth forest at two time-points ten years apart. They find that many individual lichen have grown and explain that by reductions in air pollution. However, lichens still disappear from the forest due to habitat fragmentation. There seems to be an extinction debt which will lead to further reduction of lichen in these old-growth forest remnants. Read the whole article in Ecology.
Last Updated on August 21, 2021 by admin
Öckinger och Nilsson (2010) har undersökt förekomsten av lavar i 66 fragment av gammelskog vid två tillfällen med 10 års mellanrum. De finner att befintliga förekomster ofta mår bättre vilket de förklarar med minskad luftförorening. Dock försvinner lavar från skogarna på grund av fragmentering av habitat. Det finns således en utdöendeskuld som betyder att fler lavar kommer att försvinna på sikt. Läs hela artikeln i Ecology.
Last Updated on November 3, 2021 by admin
Tonini and co-workers performed life-cycle assessments of the use of a number of plants for production of heat or electricity. They find short-rotation coppice (Salix sp.) to be the most productive crop with a substitution effect of 80 tonnes of CO2-equivalents/ha, with however a large uncertainty that depends on the land-use change accounting. Read the whole article in Environmental Science & Technology.
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